Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Compare and contrast - Essay Example Another social working site, Friendster, was among the first to innovate this new brand of internet communication. Just a couple of years back, the competition was between Myspace and Friendster where it was an even matchup between the two. The Friendster logo has been so popular and recognizable for users and non-users alike. The need for convergence that was particularly prevalent among the youth was answered through these internet-based socializing sites. With Friendster, people were able to acquaint themselves to the possibility of meeting and keeping in touch with other people. But since then, Friendster has dwindled in terms of popularity and there is no denying that the primary reason for this is the fame that Facebook has gained over a short period of time. Both provide a valued facet of connectivity for their users but the features that Facebook has added is the reason for its current success in the internet. To be a member of both websites, the steps are quite simple. First, you will need to have a working email account where notifications depending on your specifications can be sent. One needs to go to their home page and follow the registration instructions. Here, you will be asked to provide particular details that range from name to affiliations to hobbies and interest. It is upon the user to fill in these factors accordingly. By signing in through the email and password that you have provided you are now on your way to getting connected. From here, it is up to you to start adding friends, applications, pictures, etc. It provides the option for personal taste and look of your very own profile page. Adding friends between the two is just one of the indications of the many differences between them. While both can search for friends by providing their email address or their names, it is quite obvious that it is easier to add friends in Facebook than in Friendster. In Facebook all you have to do is click on

The Role of Self- Reflection in Fifth Business By Brooke von Schilling Essay Example for Free

The Role of Self- Reflection in Fifth Business By Brooke von Schilling Essay Self-reflection makes happiness more accessible. This is shown in the book Fifth Business by a contrast of characters, such as introvert and extrovert. In the book Dunstan Ramezay is shown as an introvert and spends his entire life focusing on the spiritual aspect of himself and others. Dunstan is a self-reflecting person who does not find joy in material things, but finds happiness in the wisdom of the spirit. On the contrary, Percy Staunton only finds joy in the material things that life brings him. Percy must have the best of everything and finds joy in showing those things to the world. He loves to prove that he is better than everyone else because of the things he has. Although Percy is joyous for a small amount of time, he is always searching for something bigger and better than what he already has. Other characters show the importance of spiritual aspects of the world and how humans have destroyed the freedom of wonder and self-reflection. To make sense of life and all its marvels you must be self-reflecting. Dunstan is taught that in order to move forward and become successful he must reflect in himself and forgive himself for doing what all humans do. Father Blazon says â€Å"forgive yourself for being a human creature, Ramezay. That is the beginning of wisdom. † Blazon is saying that by letting go of the average mistakes Dunstan will be able to focus on what he needs to and have better knowledge of himself because he is not stuck on his small mistakes. This quote can relate to all humans because everyone needs to be able to forgive himself or herself to move past what they have done. This proves that self-reflection makes happiness more accessible because by moving past the insignificant things the spirit is able to focus on becoming greater. By self-reflecting one is able to see the marvels in everyday. People are always trying to find marvels in material items but by seeing the marvels that one holds within will make one truly happy. â€Å"Why do people all over the world and at all times want marvels that defy all verifiable fact? And are the marvels brought into being by their desire, or is their desire and assurance rising from some deep knowledge, not to be directly experienced and questioned, that the marvelous is indeed an aspect of the real. (202) This quote is made by Liesl, she is saying that people spend too much time obsessing over the things in life that wont bring you true happiness instead of focusing on the inner desires. This quote is saying that the marvels that are desired by the spirit are what will bring happiness. This point is also shown by Father Blazon when he states â€Å"Life itself is too great a miracle to make so much of a fuss about dotty little reversals of the natural order. † By self-reflection one is able to look past the small details and see what a miracle everyday life is. Also, this quote teaches that one needs to be able to make sense of themselves so they can make sense of life and all of its wonder. It is easier for one to make their own happiness than to wait upon others. By relying on yourself you can find out what you truly need and find ways to receive it, but if you depend on others then you only think about what others are willing to provide. This is shown in the quote: â€Å"He had to run his mission by begging, and that sometimes begging yielded nothing; when this happened he prayed for help and had never been refused what he needed. (118) When the man relied on others to get what he needed he did not always succeed but when he found it within himself to pray for what he needed then he was more successful. By praying the man looked inside himself and thought about what he really needed and asked for it, instead of just taking what anyone would give him. This quote proves that happiness is more accessible when you self reflect because he accepted the fact that he needed help, he knew exactly what he needed, and he received it when he looked inside himself. The only way someone can be truly happy is if they rely upon themselves. Dunstan states that nobody- not even my mother- was to be trusted in a strange world that showed so very little of itself in the surface. Dunstan is saying that everyone has their inner desires and needs but they dont show them on the surface. He is saying that you should trust nobody but yourself because youre the only one that knows exactly what you want. In this quote Dunstan relates to his mother because she is the one h should be able to trust the most but really the only person he can trust is himself. You never know what others truly think of you or your desires so you should only listen to your inner self. By self-reflecting Dunstan is able to know his desires and figure out a way to reach them, because he cant show the things he want on the surface. Education does not teach one to self-reflect or to show their true desires. One simply has to look within themselves to realize what you want. Our world relies so much on education that people forget to strive for their passion. Eisengrim teaches this when he states We have educated ourselves into a world from which wonder and fear and dread and splendor and freedom of wonder have been banished. This quote is saying that People are so focused on what they need to learn to be successful that they forget to look within themselves and find their aspiration. Eisengrim is a magician and he looked within himself to figure out what he really wanted to be. He is one of the best at what he does so this teaches that if you look inside yourself and find your true desire you can be great at anything you do. Education was not needed for Eisengrim to be great at what he did because unlike most people, he felt the freedom to wonder what his passion was. Eisengrim is a great example to show that self-reflection makes happiness more accessible. You cannot always rely on others to make you happy, sometimes the best way to be happy is to know what excites you and keep doing whatever that may be. Even if the world is trying to bring you down, if you know yourself and the reasons you did the things you did, you can always be happy. Mrs. Dempster showed this when Dunstan explains that: She knew she was in disgrace with the world, but did not feel disgraced; she knew she was jeered at, but felt no humiliation. She lived by a light that arose from within. Dunstan explains that even though the whole world is against Mrs. Dempster she was still happy because she was happy with herself. This proves that self-reflection makes happiness more accessible because if she had not been happy with herself then she would feel disgraced and humiliated. She knew the reasons why she did what she did so there was no need to let what others said bother her. Because Mrs. Dempster was an introvert she did not feel the need to have a good reputation, all she needed was her own approval. Self-reflection is all one needs to be truly happy with themselves.

The Crucible | Analysis

The Crucible | Analysis The tragic events that unfold in The Crucible are to an extent caused by Abigails sexual desire however she is not the only one to blame. The Crucible is about the Salem Witch Trials which took place in 17th century Massachusetts where 19 innocent people were condemned. Considering the atmosphere of the Puritan society presented in the novel, a significant event like this is bound to occur sooner or later. Even though she is the trigger to the mass hysteria which occurs in the novel, her desires are only partly to be blamed. We see throughout the play how Abigail manipulates the people around her to get to this ultimate desire. Nevertheless, we must also take into account the role of John Proctor and a combination of other things in the novel which are also at fault. One could argue that Abigail was only the catalyst and just sped up the course of action and chain of events. In the early 1600s Puritans arrived to the New World from England where they established their religious intolerant colonies. Puritanism was a very austere branch of Anglican Church during the 16th and 17th centuries. They broke off from the Church as they felt that their practices were still very close to that of the Catholic Church. In order to avoid religious persecution in England they left for America. The Puritans feared this new land and especially its inhabitants. They often attributed the natives with voodoo and magic. They feared that there was evil in every corner even within their own communities. This story takes place in 1692 in a small colonial town of Salem, Massachusetts. It was a theocratic society where church and state were one and judicial system was based upon the bible. God was the supreme leader of society. Those who questioned the courts were thought of as questioning God himself. (You must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between.) You were either a man of God or the devil. The Puritan culture was governed by the church and was extremely restrictive. It was a male dominated society where the men made the rules. Physical labor and following strict guidelines was the only way to be a proper Christian and show your faithfulness. In this society there was also a strong belief in witchcraft and superstition. Strange incidences including sickness like in the play where girls become ill, death, and plague are considered to be the works of the devil. They were blamed on the devil or his followers. This led to people becoming frightened and accusing others of witchcraft. There was a mass hysteria. These witch trials were a crucial part of restoring the honor and goodness of the community. This was also fueled by grudges and jealousies among the people of the community. Some wanted land while some blamed others for their troubles and miseries. A good example is the Putnams. Mr. Putnam covets land and so he falsely accuses others then buys up their land while Mrs. Putnam accused Rebecca Nurse of witchcraft basing it on the fact that seven of her children had died while Nurse had never lost a single child or grandchild. (They were murdered, Mr. Paris! And mark this proof!) At the end, in September 1692, nineteen inno cent people and two dogs were convicted and hanged for witchcraft while hundreds others were accused and dozens others still remained in jail on charges of witchcraft. In the midst of all this madness was Abigail Williams. Abigail Williams is a very attractive, unmarried, 18 year old orphan, and the main antagonist of the play. She is the niece of Reverend Parris. She is also the ringleader of the group of adolescent girls and drives the action of the play foreword. She is very smart, cunning, and also revengeful. Abigails and the other girls actions at the start of the play are the effect of the towns strict atmosphere. We learn that the girls were caught dancing in the forest. The forest is considered to be the stronghold of the devil where danger and evil lurks. That is probably one of the main reasons why the girls went there. They wanted to feel the excitement of doing something unlawful. Early on in the play we also learn that before the events of the play Abigail used to work as a servant at the Proctors household. After it was discovered by Goody Proctor that Proctor and Abigail were having an affair she fired Abigail. Proctor commits adultery with her and takes away her innocence. I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! In Salem the people live a gloomy and very simple life. All types of free behavior and desires are discouraged and forbidden in the Puritan society. They are thought of as unnatural and work of the devil. Abigail is not the only one with desires. There are other characters such as Mr. Putnam who wants to have his neighbors land and Paris who wants more power and control over the town. Abigails desire and jealousy is caused by Procter. She thinks that Proctor loves her and her only however is unable to be with her mainly due to Elizabeth. She wants love and to be adored. She sees herself as the true love of Proctor. It is also important to note that Abigail probably was never loved much by her close relatives and that is why she lusts for Proctor. Her parents were brutally killed by Indians. (I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at nightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Its her desires for Procter and her envy of Elizabeth Procter who she wants to take revenge upon for dismissing her. (Oh, I marvel how such a strong man may let such a sickly wife beà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, sniveling woman, and you bend to her!) It is clear that throughout the action of the play what Abigails motifs are. Abigail wants power. Once she realizes what she can do by accusing people of witchcraft, she takes full advantage of it. Abigail had no problem with sinning and falsely accusing innocents of witchcraft in order to get Proctor. Throughout the play Abigail tells countless lies to manipulate her friends, the town and the judiciary and then at the end causing the deaths of 19 people. Abigail was responsible for the wicked behavior of the girls in the forest which got them into some serious trouble. There are already rumors around town of Abigails affair with Proctor now on top of that people are talking of witchcraft. At the start she only tries to conceal the truth for if it gets out that Abigail drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor, she could be severely punished or even be hanged for it. At first when she is accused of witchcraft she tries to get all the girls under control by threatening them. (Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnams dead sisters. And that is all.) And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word , or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a point reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; And you know I can do it I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down. Once questioned about the forest incident by Hale she lies and is quick to blame the whole thing on Tituba. (She sends her spirit out on me in church; she makes me laugh at prater! She comes to me every night to go and drink blood!) Tituba was a slave meaning she has a lower status and so is an easy target for she is from Barbados and is familiar with black magic making her suspicious. Subsequently Tituba does the unexpected by confessing to the false charges and naming other associates of the devil. Realizing this Abigail does the same and the girls follow. She firstly accuses the outcasts of society to get the support from the townsfolk knowing well that they will easily believe it. She shifts the attention from herself by crying witchcraft. I want to open myself! . . . I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I danced for the Devil; I saw him, I wrote in his book; I go back to Jesus; I kiss His hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! This is when the hysteria starts and it slowly builds up from here. By doing this Abigail gets the respect and appreciation of the people. This in a way gives her unlimited power over the town which she can use to accuse anyone in the town and get away with it. She is a woman with so much power in a society run by the men. She uses this power to manipulate the court by first gaining their trust and sympathy for her as she is the victim and then spreading more and more lies along with the rest of the group. Furthermore, if one of the girls goes against her as with the case of Mary Warren, she accuses them of witchcraft as well. (A wind, a cold wind, has comeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Why do you come, yellow bird? You cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Maryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) This just shows that she is determined to get Proctor. However at the end after seeing that because of her Proctor will hang, she runs away. Proctor, who finally confesses his guilt, raising questions of the cred ibility of the girls, dies a noble man and undermines the authority of the judiciary and the its judges including Danforth. Danforth is one of the judges of the witch trials. He is also guilty for the part he played in the witch trials. At the start of the play he did strongly believe in this absurdity and on top of that he had probably already condemned several witches. He should be blamed for his failure to stop the insanity. There was absolutely no evidence against the accused except for the words of a few mindless adolescent girls and their ring leader. Towards the end of the play it was clear that the whole thing was blown out of proportion and that the girls were lying, Abigail along with Mercy ran away with stolen money right after accusing Hathrones wife and the rebellion against the court in Andover. Knowing this quite well he still chose to continue instead of pardoning the accused. There will be no postponement. You misunderstand, sir; I cannot pardon these when twelve are already hanged for the same crime. It is not just. He was probably more worried about his position as judge and deputy gove rnor of Massachusetts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak Gods lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He convinced himself he was doing the right thing and also seeing that it would not look good on his part and reputation of the judiciary that innocents were killed. Desire is a basic human quality. You cannot turn it off or control it. From the start of the play Abigail was determined to get Procter. With sexual desires people dont always act consciously. Now for such a significant event like this to occur something else needs to happen first. In a religious and Theocratic society, the belief in witchcraft is already strong enough. Abigail inserts her problems with Procter into the story. However she is not the main character responsible for the events which take place. John Procter shares the guilt too as he is the one who put knowledge in her head and taught her everything she knew. She harms and manipulates everybody around her whom she hates or blocks her path of reaching her ultimate goal, John Procter which in the end she fails to accomplish. Abigail is the devil. She causes all the problems, starts and builds up the hysteria, causes quarrels among people, and brings about the destruction of the town. In this strict Puritan society we see how the people of the town twist the rules of God for their own purposes and to fulfill their own needs which in the end lead to the death of 19 innocent people. The main cause of the Salem Witch Trials is a disastrous combination of things which were slowing building up even before the events of the play. The society, Proctors affair with Abigail, teenage boredom, the townsfolks personal troubles, miseries, suspicions and covets, and Danforths failure to bring it to an end which altogether are responsible for the events which unfold. Abigails sexual desire was only the responsible for the mass hysteria and the escalation in The Crucible.

Free Trade? Essay -- essays research papers

In an economic age in which speedy transactions of imports and exports are essential, is free trade a necessity for aiding worldwide economic development? At least John F. Kennedy thought so, he being the initiator of removing tariffs and other limitations on U.S. imports. His hypothesis was that by doing that, other nations would follow America’s example and leadership. However, that never happened because the other nations were more concerned with their own problems. Even today, the United States continues to support free trade, an example being NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement). The problem is that America’s generosity has caused the foreign industry to take over the U.S. marketplace. This unfortunately has resulted in high unemployment rates just because consumers and firms can purchase foreign goods for a little less than domestic products. But with this country’s abundant resources, is free trade really necessary? From a conservative viewpoint, the only remedy to decrease unemployment and stimulate our own economic growth is to abandon the free trade policy and raise tariffs. Free trade has only crippled the American work force, increased poverty, and added to our national debt. If the liberals in Washington D.C. need proof, look at the figures: today there are about 10 million unemployed citizens and 35 million Americans are living in poverty because of free trade. It’s obvious that the foreign industry is taking advantage of us. Just visit any clothing sto...

Othello by William Shakespeare Essay

Othello by William Shakespeare is a tragic story of envy, hatred and giving trusting to a very iniquitous person. It tells a tale of two people who loved each other despite the fact that they are worlds apart in terms of race, age and experience. Othello was a Moor, and Desdemona was the prettiest woman. Envied by Roderigo and Iago, the latter devised a plan to deceive Othello that his wife is cheating on him with his most trusted lieutenant Cassio. Unfortunately for the main characters, the plan worked and Othello ended up killing his faithful wife. Learning about what a fool he had become, not believing his own wife, Othello killed himself and died in his wife’s embrace. Roderigo was killed by Cassio and Iago was tortured to death. I have chosen to discuss Act V, Scene II of the play Othello, where Othello was convinced his wife was unfaithful and made up his mind to kill her. For him, this was the only honorable thing to do. The first part showed Othello looking at his sleeping wife amidst a flickering candle. He states: It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul,– Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars! — It is the cause. Yet I’ll not shed her blood; Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow, And smooth as monumental alabaster. In this speech, Othello is trying to convince himself that it was Desdemona who was at fault that is why killing her must be done. He accuses his wife’s beauty as the cause of her infidelity. And because of this beauty that he will kill her with honor, and not damage any part of her splendor. He is obviously confused, hesitant, trying to make sense of what he is about to do. Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men. Put out the light, and then put out the light: If I quench thee, thou flaming minister, I can again thy former light restore, When I have pluck’d the rose, I cannot give it vital growth again. It must needs wither: I’ll smell it on the tree. In these lines, Othello has affirmed reasons for him to kill his wife, and convinced himself that by killing her, he is relieving her of her sins, bringing back her purity and innocence, as if being born again. He then kissed his wife and this awakened her. Desdemona, quite feeling there is something wrong, tried to capture her husband’s love once again by inviting him to lay beside her but instead, Othello asked her whether she had already prayed because he does not want to kill an unprepared spirit. When Desdemona appeared confused, Othello told her that is has been proven that she has betrayed him by being with Cassio and that he has the handkerchief that Othello so lovingly gave her. Despite Desdemona’s pleadings of innocence, Othello’s mind has already been poisoned by Iago’s stories, and he killed his wife. This scene, I believe is the umbrella of the whole play. Even though it was not actually stated in Act V, Scene II, it was obvious that Othello was a great man but was blinded by jealousy. And this blindness is a solid proof of Iago’s cunningness in manipulating the different characters. It was also shown here how Desdemona truly loves her husband by admitting suicide and not revealing that it was Othello who killed her. The painting that I have chosen (above) somehow shows the entirety of scene II of Act V. By looking at it, one can clearly see the difference in Othello and Desdemona’s lives. She was almost a goddess, sleeping in her white wedding sheets, and he looks like a confused peasant wearing a suit that is fit for him. There was hesitation, uncertainty and doubt in his eyes. He was holding a dagger evidently implying that he is about to kill her (although this was actually used to kill himself). His pose seems like he was sneaking in to steal a look of his stunning wife. Desdemona on the other hand, looks so peaceful, almost illuminating in just a faint light of a flickering candle. Although the painting pretty much illustrated the scene from the play, it was still lacking of life and dimension. In a third person point of view, it would not be as effective in delivering the message unless the person really knows the story. Therefore, while I consider myself as a visual person, I still much prefer the written form of this particular scene. It is more dramatic and touching to be able to create a scene with your own imagination. A major factor for this choice is that I have always loved reading because it can really take me on a journey where I can be in control. Also, I can have my own interpretation of different chapters in a book or novel whereas in watching a movie to looking at a photograph or painting, you can only interpret up to the limit of what the artist or director. Written literary works can give you limitless possibilities, and that is the challenge I treasure in reading.

Light and a Long Day’s Journey Into Night

For many directors, a LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT remains a cross collateral character study. That is to say, since the play is punctuated with a number of dysfunctional characters the emphasis on the drama of the play should be on the performance of the characters. If the actors are not properly presenting the uniqueness of these characters then the play will fall apart. This is not an inaccurate assessment nor would it be a flawed approach to directing. But, if casting and character examination were the only aspect of this play to be fleshed out then the approach would be single focused. This is because the very title of the play stresses that it takes place during the day and this would evoke the notion that the greater and brighter the lighting of the play the more potential for serious drama will be the result. While â€Å"playing† with lighting has often been employed as a strategy for evoking mood it is almost a clichà © of a clichà © that shadows are employed to create a certain mood. Then again, why would they not be? The use of shadows can often be employed to create a unique environment that can stress fear, confusion, foreboding, et al. With LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT, however, this would be downright impossible. After all, how many shadows can you create during the day? Well, yes, there are a number of ways you could integrate shadows into a daylight scenario but this would not be my particular approach. Instead, I would prefer an approach where daylight literally â€Å"burns† non-stop through the proceedings. The reason for this is that such an approach would create a heighten sense of realism by pushing the character flaws of the cast to the  forefront. In other words, it becomes difficult to hide in broad daylight and this would be the approach taken to strip the characters somewhat bare. The cast of characters are literally â€Å"loaded† with flaws. There are alcoholics, drug addicts, the grievously ill, etc. Now, this is not to condemn the characters for their problems as much as it is to point out they are characters battling demons. The problems that these characters much contend with are very real. As such, there should be no attempt made to hide the characters flaws and that means a symbolic and literal light needs to be shined upon them. So, when there are scenes presented which are designed to highlight these flaws the scenes should be very brightly lit in the manner of shinning daylight. This will create make any masking of their problems difficult as it creates a subtext of the problems being out in the open. Again, this is not to say that the use of shadows and intermingling dark lighting into the proceedings will not work. Any attempt at manipulating the lighting in a motivated and effective manner has the potential to be successful. But, this would not be the approach I would intend to take when directing the play. As such, the use of shadows would be limited to as minimal as possible. To do otherwise would harm a major aspect of the play: it is intended to take place in daylight and to hide daylight through generic or uninspired lighting would undermine critical subtexts that make it a powerful work. Daylight brings the play and its themes into the â€Å"real world† and this concept is an important one. The play embraces the daylight and so should the play's director.   

Emma Jane Austen Characters and Plot Essays

Emma Jane Austen Characters and Plot Essays Emma Jane Austen Characters and Plot Paper Emma Jane Austen Characters and Plot Paper Essay Topic: Emma The Sound and the Fury Introduction The first sentence has a taunting gaiety which dares reader to challenge Jane Students view of a heroine ammo no one would Like but myself. Emma Woodlouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. Emma A girl with power and authority, more than enough egotism for the forgivable follies of youth. Enemas wit is so splendid in itself as to make it recommendation enough if en is willing to concede the redemptive quality of humor. Miss Tailors departure Miss Taylor, who has taken the place of Enemas dead mother for eight years, has that day married cheerful Mr. Weston and has left Hartsfield for Randall. Her loss is acutely felt, and Emma and her father sink Into a lugubrious self-pity which they comically decide Is called grief. Mr. Woodlouses weaknesses Miss Tailors departure brings out all Mr. Woodlouses weaknesses HIS Poor Isabella and his Deport MISS Taylor are laughable to begin with, then they become oppressive and unnatural. He is timid and anti-social The sooner every party areas up, the better. He hates all change and demands that life should be like his gruel: warm, coos and innocuous. Although his name is a by-word for condescending thoughtfulness in Highborn, he is really thoroughly selfish; all his kindness tends to enhance his personal comfort and convenience. Mr. Woodlouse has managed to get his own way by recourse to the trivial, and it is in the trivial which Emma evokes to defeat her fathers power. She persuades him that by having Mr. Knightly in the house as her husband he will have protection from the chicken thieves. The strength of Mr. Knightly Mr. Knightly Is the timeless Englishman, modest, unaffected, somewhat Inadequate of speech, just, intelligent but not intellectual, loving rather than lover-like and landed. C]You might not see one in a hundred, with gentleman so plainly written in. Says Emma. He employs patience and tact easily and never with any sense of having to resort to them. Well-balanced but not dull; things are what they are and not what they seem when he is present. Interaction between Emma and Knightly Emma shows herself to be as much at home in his conversation as he is in her house. Owe always say what we like to one another. Emma shows a delayed excitement about the days events. She claims to have brought Miss Taylor and Mr. Weston together, and now she says she intends to match-make for the youthful vicar Mr. Elton, C]a very pretty young man of 27. Mr. Knightly takes exception to marriage- meddling. He knows the world and she does not. She has not been to school. She has never seen the sea. She has not even been to box hill. Such Isolation, social, cultural, and moral, might already have proved disastrous were it not for Mr. Knightly, whose native Intelligence natural good Emma, Harriet and Mr. Elton news eave protected With great precision Austin reveals the reason why Emma would choose Harriers friendship: [Harriet] was a pretty girl, and her beauty happened to be of a sort which Emma particularly admired. She was short, plump and fair, with a fine bloom, blue eyes, light hair, regular features, and a look of great sweetness Enemas temporary destruction of the relationship between Harriet and Robert Martin Emma makes one of her celebrated outbursts of snobbery say, Oh young farmer, whether on horseback or on foot, is the very last person to raise my curiosity. She then goes on to back her stylist to Robert Martin with emotional blackmail. Enemas delusion over Harriet and Mr. Elton At the end of Chapter 4, she begins to push the silly Harriet at the Vicar of Highborn. Emma has not fallen for Mr. Elton, seeing him as Really a very pleasing young man, a young man whom any woman not fastidious might like Emma shows her contempt for Harriet and the vicar. Mr. Knightliest response Mr. Knightly is scathing about Enemas friendship with Harriet. Harriet is The very worst possible sort of companion that Emma can possibly have, she presents Oh delightful inferiority. Mrs. Weston defends Emma forcing Mr. Knightly to say, 01 love to look at her Should like to see Emma in love, and in some doubt of return; it would do her good. The portrait of Harriet Knightly accuses Emma of making Harriet Toto tall, Elton Jumps to her defense. When Elton comments that the portrait captured The naivetà ©Ã‚ © of Miss Smiths manners, Emma, despite her ability to discriminate, allows this remark to pass, even though it is not one of a lover. The artificiality of Elton response is contrasted with the letter from Robert Martin. The proposal of Robert Martin Chapter 7 Emma is thoroughly surprised by the quality of Robert Martins letter of proposal: Lot was short but expressed good sense, warm attachment, liberality, propriety, even delicacy of feeling. It is the disingenuous behavior of Emma that is truly shocking to the reader: It is So good a letter, Harriet, that everything considered, I think one of his sisters must have helped him. Emma has abruptly moved away from the integrity of her personal appraisal of the letter to a state of delusion and self- satisfaction that will damage both Harriet and herself. Emma uses her Little friend s a tool for personal fulfillment and manipulation. Harriet asks Emma for advice, and at first, she responds absolutely correctly The letter had much better be all your own but Emma, with full knowledge of her actions, makes it quite clear that a refusal is the only acceptable option: Ahoy need not be prompted to write with the appearance of sorrow for his disappointment. At no point had Harriet expressed anything but doubt, yet Emma is grossly dishonest: Thought to refuse him! . Are you in any doubt as to that? Negative answer of Harriet gratifies Emma, allowing her to come even more deceitful and selfish. Emma claims to be sensitive: Awhile you were in suspense I kept my feelings to myself, but sensing that Harriet is still not completely sure, produces a piece of absolute blackmail: It would have grieved me to lose your coalescence, wanly must nave Eden ten consequence AT your marrying Martin. Emma ruthlessly attacks the education and honor of Mr. Martin: Dear affectionate creature! You banished to Abbey-Mill Farm! You confined to the society of the illiterate and vulgar all your life! I wonder how the young man could have the assurance to ask it. He must have a pretty good opinion of himself. Not only is Odder affectionate creature the best compliment she can give to Harriet, but for Emma to accuse Mr. Martin of having a Property good opinion of himself is simply breath-taking. Knightliest response Chapter 8 Emma and George Knightly quarrel over Harriers refusal of Mr. Martins marriage proposal. Although the reader senses that Emma is arguing with an unsound case, she shows tremendous poise and refuses to be overwhelmed by the masculine and powerful magistrate, Mr. Knightly. Knightly is a true match for Emma and wrought this argument, she is almost constantly defending. His experience comes to the fore as he sifts Enemas words to find the true, shocking meaning: Ahoy saw her answer! You wrote her answer too. his sharpness is tremendously powerful Once again, he catches Emma out: Not Harriers equal! No he is not her equal indeed, for he is as much her superior in sense as in situation. His speech gathers momentum as he becomes more determined to prove the worth of Mr. Martin. Lowers Harriet to material virtues: She is pretty, and she is good tempered, and that is all. Whilst Mr. Knightly has referred to the relative virtues of the two, Emma refers to their social standing: That! Think a farmer a good match for my intimate friend! Martin may be the richer of the two, but he is undoubtedly her inferior as to rank in society. It would be a degradation. Knightly replies with pure passion and a wonderful sense of true social class and value: A degradation to illegitimacy and ignorance, to be married to a respectable, intelligent gentleman-farmer! Knightly informs Emma bluntly that Elton is not the man for Harriet. Knightly does, however, how that his Judgment is not infallible: Depend upon it, Elton will not do. Elton is a very good sort of man, and a very respectable vicar of Highborn, but not at all likely to make an imprudent match. He is right to emphasis Elton infatuation with Oh good income but as the reader will see, Knightly later admits that Harriet would have been a greater match than the future Mrs. Elton. Although Knightliest judgments on Harriet are correct, Austin is careful to leave slight imperfections that can be corrected through the novel Knightly goes through a learning process. The evaluation: Elton proposal to Emma The evening before the Christmas Eve Dinner, Elton is hoping to be greeted by Emma with words of affection, the words of a lover. Emma also begins to have suspicions: Well, this is most strange! After I had got him off so well, to cause to go into company, and leave Harriet ill behind! Emma is greatly surprised by Elton desire to Iodine out rather than spend time worrying about Harriers sore throat. Following the dinner party, Emma with some disquiet, finds herself in the same carriage as. They are imprisoned in a swaying carriage after a party and as Breadroot says, The tall Transnational Is Intensities Day ten Tact Tanat teen cannot escape Trot can toners company. The claustrophobia natural and inevitable in provincial society, here reaches its climax. The fury of the proud pair builds up in the confined space. The drama, economy and precision of this passage is superb: 01 am very much astonished Mr. Elton. This to me! You forget yourself you take me for your friend any message to Miss Smith I shall be happy to deliver; but no more of this to me, if you please. Miss Smith! Message to Miss Smith! What could she possibly mean! The comedy is also wonderful, as Enemas delusion confronts Elton sudden courage. The result of this mutual discovery is disastrous for both. Emma is highly embarrassed over her deception of Harriet, whilst Elton is shocked to believe that Emma would place him on the level of Harriet Smith. Emma comforts Harriet who tearfully gives up all ho pe of the vicarage and its yellow curtains. Jane Fairfax and Frank Churchill After Christmas Frank fails to arrive because he Cannot be spared by his aunt. Miss Bates Spring is ushered in by the startling chatter of Miss Bates, Oh great talker on little taters. The comic outpourings of Miss Bates are a symptom of frustration. Her sensitivity is acute and Frank Churchill says that She is a woman that one may, that one must laugh at, but one that one would not wish to slight. The arrival of Jane Fairfax Jane has been brought up by a Colonel and Mrs. Campbell as a companion to their own daughter. Unlike Emma she has been properly educated. She is elegant and clever Mr. Knightly says Emma dislikes her because she is That she wanted to be thought herself. Jane Fairfax: the intellectual recluse whose presence makes everybody feel inadequate and guilty. She is defenseless against the noisy, the inquisitive, the gossip, the mediocre; and her utter inability to cope with vulgarity is demonstrated by the way she falls victim to Mrs. Elton. Everything she does offends the cults of English provincialism and amateurism piano playing Her arrival in Highborn at the very moment when the whole place is keyed-up to welcome Frank Churchill That perfect novelty, is anti-climactic. Emma cannot find a reason for her visit so she invests one: Colonel Campbell son-in-law has fallen in love with her he has not accompanied the Campbell on a visit to Ireland for fear she might break up the marriage. The truth is more sensational, though Emma is the last to suspect it She is turned against Jane when there is a cool refusal to supply answers to what Emma believes are entirely reasonable questions about Frank. She Could not forgive her. Frank Churchill and Jane Fairfax (became engaged at Wentworth the previous October). Their situations have much in common. They are each the victim of the transformation process and beneath there adopted cultures there is a wistful desire o return to their original identity. Frank is frightened by his Aunt, a powerful, possessive woman who has married into a distinguished family and Out Churchill them all. Having taken a step which takes him out of her power he shrinks from telling her the lesser truth is adequate when the whole truth is not expedient. For Jane it is the opposite; her culture rests on truth seen as an absolute, as it must. Her love Tort Frank seduces near Into a snort-term suspension AT truth n tens strikes at ten roots of her self-respect. Jane is miserable she is led into almost total inaction for ear of making a mistake. Enemas vision of Franks perfection is shattered by his going to London to get his hair cut Mr. Knightly receives the news with grim satisfaction but Emma says to herself, Shadowiness is always wickedness, but folly is not always folly . The arrival of the piano the reaction of Emma and Knightly A few days later Highborn learns that Jane Fairfax has received a Broadsword piano. Only Knightly recognizes gift as a thoughtless cruelty; everybody else praises donors generosity. Mr. Knightliest new and fear of the handsome Highborn intruder is now acute. Breadroot: Twit in Emma and silence in Mr. Knightly are the means by which they escape the emotional involvement with each other which would otherwise naturally develop. The departure of Frank and the arrival of Mrs. Elton Frank is called back to Yorkshire, and a stupendous void is created to accommodate the equally stupendous arrival of Mr. Elton bride. Mrs. Elton is satisfyingly detestable; her every movement and speech are a vindication of Highboys Jealous safe-guarding of social standards Her conversation is loud, assured and wrong. The reader is rocked by her audacious vulgarity. Her odiousness springs from lack of nullity, a ruthless bypassing of the civilizing processes. Under the cover of her impertinence Jane Austin distributes the clues of the intrigue. The climax of the novel: The ball to Box Hill The Crown Inn, Donnelly Abbey and Box Hill and the revelation Plot culminates in a series of encounters which take place in and around three elaborate conversation- pieces, the ball at the Crown Inn, a strawberry party at Donnelly Abbey and a trip to Box Hill. The Donnelly party is all order and harmony; even Mrs. Elton is comically Contained by it, and Frank Churchill is sadly reduced by the atmosphere of romance in which the useful and beautiful have become invisible. Box Hill picnic, in disturbing contrast, finds society split torn within itself factions and groupings. All the tensions of the novel have been building up to Box Hill Although she knows her actions with Frank could easily be referred to as Flirtation, She still intended him for her friend she acknowledges that she does not love Frank. The reader also sense that Frank is hiding behind this Flirtation. Frank Churchill, however, must know that this Flirtation shall hurt Jane Fairfax. In response to Franks desire for a antennas to his games, Miss Bates offers herself in good humor but receives in return an insult from Emma: oh! Very well, exclaimed Miss Bates, Then I need not be uneasy. Three things very dull indeed That will Just do for me, you know. I shall be sure to say three dull things as soon as ever I open my mouth, shant R Ooh! Maam, but there may be a difficulty. Pardon me but you will be limited as to number only three at once. Miss Bates, deceived by the mock ceremony of her manner, did not immediately catch her meaning; but, when it burst on her, it could to anger, though a slight blush showed that it could pain her. How attractive Miss Bates is in the way she takes it- her attempts to keep peace Knightly is so ironic: in response to Mr. Weston encouraging rehire (MA): protection snouts not nave come quite so soon. Knightly is unaccustomed to rebuke Emma in public. V s.. Jane Fairfax Frank Churchill DHOW many a man has committed himself on a short acquaintance, and rued it all the rest of his life! This delivers the most intense pain to Jane, for they met at Wentworth last October. It is also an attack on the Elton, having become engaged at Bath. Canes reply awful underground stage in the relationship: OH hasty and imprudent attachment may arise but there is generally time to recover from it afterwards. She speaks bitterly she has been hurt terribly by Frank Churchill In response, Churchill gives Emma a Commission: She must be lively, and have hazel eyes. This further attack on Jane is seen by Emma as a chance to set him up with Harriet Knightly Vs.. Emma Knightly rebukes Emma for her cruelty to Miss Bates: DHOW could you be so unfeeling to Miss Bates? How could you be so insolent in your wit to a woman of her character, age and situation? Emma, I had not thought it possible. His dignity and honor he takes on a great responsibility The ironic side to Emma: 01 dare say she did not understand me. Knightliest response is firm and direct: 01 assure you she did. He places her in the carriage without a final word from her: Oho had misinterpreted the feelings which had kept her face averted, and her tongue motionless. He most wonderful insight into Enemas self accusation and compunction with analysis of situation: Momma felt the tears running down her cheeks almost all the way home, Harriers delusion and Enemas delight Harriet and Mr. Knightly With Robert Martin out of bounds and Mr. Elton out of the running, Harriet drifts through somewhat at a loss. Only one person has recognized her essential solitude Mr. Knightly. His thoughtfu lness and his guardian-like concern for her welfare are entirely misunderstood by Harriet. She naively unburdens herself to Emma, supporting her supposition that Mr. Knightly loves her with Enemas own words, Matches of greater disparity had taken place . Enemas conduct is superb, at last her true feelings are thrust upon her in all its splendor. Lot darted through her, with he speed of an arrow, that Mr. Knightly must marry no one but herself! Mr. Knightliest proposal Just as Knightly is to reveal his heart, Emma attempts to take pressure off him, presuming his love is for Harriet: Ads a friend, you may command me. to take the pressure off him (in love with Harriet). He thinks it is because she is in love with Frank Churchill. Through Knightliest eyes, Jane Austin takes us to the heart of this intense moment: tell me, then, have I no chance of ever succeeding? He stopped in his earnestness to look the question, and the expression of his eyes overpowered her. The comedy: She could really say nothing She can not say anything because she is so surprised Oho cried with great animation he thinks the silence is a good sign. Oho soon resumed; and in a tone of sincere, decided, intelligible tenderness as was tolerably convincing. Elf I loved you less, I might be able to talk about it more. Irony, Walt, Duress Ana satire, all are Swansea at tens moment. I nave Llama you, Ana lectured you, and you have borne it as no other woman in England would have borne He cant go as far as the ideal of human emotion. Mr. Knightly knows he is dull. He isnt Jane Students perfect hero has some of the loyalties Life needs Churchill, Mass, Fairfax as well as Knightliest The thoughtful and restrained Jane and Knightly compared with the entertaining and lively Frank Churchill and Emma. Life is Joyous, comic, painful she respects them all Jane Austin and the human comedy the tangle of life the most wonderful part of life is its spontaneity the Joy of life is often expressed in ways that the taught formalities cannot approach. At the climax of emotion, when Emma is about to make her response, Jane Austin teases the reader: That did she say? Just what she ought, of course. Jane Students reticence shows a tact and aspect for the emotion of the moment. At the very end of the chapter, the reader sees the full irony and comedy of Jane Austin. Knightliest response to the spontaneity and unpredictability of life The resolutions Frank Churchill writes an absurdly long letter to Mrs. Weston in which his enjoyment of literary flourishes and fine phrases tends to overshadow his contrition for having caused so much trouble in Highborn. The letter is also a clarification of such clues as are left of the intrigue. The letter mixes the smooth personable young man and the worthy young man who is ashamed of the hurt he has caused. Harriers origins are discovered to be low enough to make her engagement to Robert Martin, with whom she has been reunited at Styles Amphitheatre. The final revenge is saved for Mr. Elton, who has to officiate at Enemas wedding, on which Mrs. Elton has the last word Every little white satin, very few lace veils; a most pitiful business! The bedroom doors of the Vicarage, Abbey-Mill farm and Hartsfield are politely but firmly closed in our face. The marriage ordeal is the most private thing on earth. Only one intense intimacy is revealed Emma will never call Mr. Knightly George.